What kind of lupins are there, when to plant, what soil does this plant prefer, is it possible to grow them from seeds - we will consider in more detail. The beauty of these flowers inevitably attracts the eye and makes you want to plant them in your garden. Multicolor is amazing, they can be white, yellow, red, pink, blue, dark red and even tri-color. Look great in company with other garden flowers, decorate flower beds, paths, alpine slides.
In addition to the aesthetic effect, these plants improve the structure of the soil, enrich it with nitrogen. With all this, these flowers are not whimsical at all, the process of growing them, caring for them will not cause you much trouble.
When do lupins bloom? This time comes with the advent of the calendar summer - in June, lasts about a month. It is noteworthy that perennial representatives can give color twice a season - in the second half of July, and then in August.
There are approximately 200 species of this decorative flower, all of them are similar to each other (the shape of a candle, the leaves are similar to palm), have insignificant differences in the structure of inflorescences.
Lupine - a plant from the legume family, can be either annual or perennial, has thick long roots that rush into the depths of about 2 meters. In addition to the work of the roots, the ground part also contributes to the enrichment of the soil. It is cut off and buried in the ground to a depth of about 20 cm, where it safely decays, thereby giving the soil useful substances, and reducing acidity.
With all its decorative qualities, this plant is a feed and green manure.
Inflorescences and leaves, photo:
Lupine as siderate and fertilizer
Grains, as well as the green part of the plant, are very rich in protein (40-50%), at the same time, the process of toxic bitter alkaloids is also high. According to the content of toxic substances in the composition of the lupins are bitter, low-alkaloid, sweet. Bitter species are used to fertilize the soil, but sweet and low-alkaloid varieties can be used as animal feed. This plant crop is very productive, in order to obtain feed raw materials, white, yellow, and blue lupins are grown (it is also called narrow-leaved). For fertilizers, perennial crops are most often sown.
White lupine can reach a height of one and a half meters, tolerates drought comfortably - this is the most common variety.
The flowers of this species can be white, pale pink, pale blue. This is the best green manure for poor soil with a high level of acidity (deoxidizes it). It grows well and is gaining green mass, even on poor soil. Recommended for sowing on loams and sandy loamy soils - increases their fertility, can completely replace manure. Bacteria that are beneficial to the soil live on the roots of white, they convert poorly soluble phosphates into accessible forms. After removing the ground part of the plant (cutting), the roots decompose in the soil, turning into easily digestible fertilizing. As a result, the soil is enriched with humus, organic components.
Yellow lupine is also an excellent green manure, heals the soil, improves its structure, improves fertility without any chemical influences. This crop is simply the record holder for saturation of soil with nitrogen, after its presence in the field 200-250 kg of nitrogen / ha remain in the most suitable form for future plantings. Yellow is sown quite early, and when it forms beans, the time for mowing comes.
Lupine as a green manure not only nourishes the soil, but also loosens it well. As already mentioned, this plant has a developed, powerful root system. The roots branch in different directions - thus, the earth loosens, the mineral compounds of the soil rise to the upper layers. This culture increases the drainage properties of the soil, contributes to its restoration. After sowing this crop, the soil retains moisture and air better. This plant also serves as a food source for earthworms, which helps to increase productivity, disease resistance in the future.
Advantages of this plant as siderate:
- Long roots extending deep into the soil, extracting useful elements from its depths;
- The ability to assimilate and process heavy soil micro and macro elements;
- Abundant productivity comparable to manure utility;
- Rapid ripening - the plant reaches the required condition after 45-50 days after sowing seeds.
Lupins are poisonous or not? As a feed for farm animals, it acts as a source of ideal easily digestible protein. This is the best option of all leguminous crops available today. The stems and foliage of the plant contain many useful components, grains are a source of fat.
The disadvantage of this situation is the presence of toxic alkaloids in the composition of the plant.
For feeding animals, it is necessary to use only yellow or white lupins - they have the lowest content of toxic substances.
The blue species cannot be used as a feed crop. Usually the green part of the plant goes to feed in a mixture with other ingredients: silage, turf, artificial feed.
To harvest feed and hay, the plant is cut at the stage of bud formation. Yellow lupine is mowed before the onset of the formation of beans, white - without waiting for the end of its flowering.
Blue view, photo:
Perennial Lupins - Planting and Care
This is really an unpretentious plant that does not require any special growing technology. Most importantly, you need to know what soil lupine prefers, as well as the period of its planting.
This flower feels equally good in shady or sunny places. If you want to achieve the highest levels of decorativeness, then settle it in a shaded area.
He loves a slightly alkaline non-acidic soil, with increased acidity it will grow very frail, and on alkaline soils it can get chlorosis. This situation can be changed if you first add dolomite flour (or lime acid) to the soil.
Perennial lupine is sown after snow melt, around April. The plot of land on which the flowers will grow should be prepared in the fall. Seeds before sowing are recommended to be treated with foundationazole (50% rr). With this approach, you can see the first flowers after 12-13 months (they usually bloom by May).
Seeds (beans), photo:
To obtain lupine seeds, several pods should be left on the plant, which will dry, ripen and give the necessary seed. During flowering, the fading inflorescences are usually removed - this is necessary so that the growth of new flowers is not inhibited, self-seeding does not occur.
Leave a few inflorescences until fully ripened (better in August), if you still do not have lupins, then seeds can always be bought at flower shops. The pod must be completely dry (humidity is not acceptable), the extracted beans should also be thoroughly dried. It is best to store seed in a glass container or in fabric, paper bags.
Pods, photo:
Lupine reproduction - different options
If you are going to plant these flowers in the country, then know that the annual lupine can be propagated only with the help of seeds. Perennial species are available for propagation by seeds and cuttings.
Reproduction of perennial lupine by cuttings
A cutle is a growth bud that is located on a rosette of leaves at the base of a plant. With the advent of spring, these buds are carefully cut and then rooted in the open ground (choose a shaded area). At the planting site, it is very desirable to dilute the soil with sand, to make it light. Another option is the selection of young shoots from the leaf sinuses, after the plant has already faded.
This planting source is rooted in the soil in a similar way, the process of adaptation and survival of a plant in a new place lasts about 35-40 days. After this time, rooted seedlings can be transferred to flower beds, alpine slides, flower beds. The main thing is not to exceed the recommended period so that the plant does not have time to thoroughly take root and take root. The roots of lupins react extremely negatively to any interventions, so transplantation will not lead to anything good. For the same reason, this flower is not propagated by dividing the bush.
Seed Lupins - Growing
First of all, you need to decide on the sowing date: it can be autumn or spring. It is preferable to plant frost-resistant, self-sowing representatives of this culture in the autumn. Around November, when there were already the first frosts, the seeds are buried a little (about 2-3 cm) in the ground, covered with a thin layer of peat. The distance between future bushes should be approximately 15 cm. Thus, with the advent of spring, you will see young shoots, and by the end of summer it will give color. If you decide to plant plants in the spring, then choose the first weeks of April. Then, with the coming of next spring, you can admire the multicolor of these beautiful flowers.
Lupins, photo:
Tip - for best results, solid lupine seeds should be pre-scarified (slightly damage the top layer). For this, experienced gardeners use one of the following methods:
- Scratch the bean shell mechanically - rub with sandpaper or slightly cut with a sharp object. During these steps, ensure that the inside of the seed is not damaged. After the scarification, the seed should be soaked for several hours (so that it swells).
- Immerse the seeds in a temperature shock (a sharp change in temperature) - put the beans in a clean, thin cloth, then freeze them in the freezer. After removing them from the freezer compartment, they must immediately be lowered into boiling water for a short while. From such a temperature contrast, the bean shell will crack, the desired effect will be achieved.
- Bath from a chemical solution - ten-hour soaking of seeds in a solution of bleach (10%) or potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes. Chlorine solution should be taken 2 or 3 drops in a glass of water. After exposure, the seed should be thoroughly washed with cold water. This method of scarification has an additional antibacterial effect if there is a threat of damage to plants by fungi or other diseases.
Next, proceed to the next stage - seed lupins, cultivation in containers. To do this, pour soil into pre-prepared cartridges, disposable cups or individual plastic containers. Do not forget about the presence of drainage holes at the bottom!
The soil for these plants should include peat, turf, clean river sand. It will not be superfluous to pre-disinfect it by roasting in the oven or microwave, scalding with boiling water is also suitable. Be that as it may - the soil for seedlings should be light.
We fill the pots with this soil, squeeze it a little, pour water at room temperature. After that, put the beans on top, deepen a little, re-water (it is better to use a spray bottle). Next, we cover the containers with a plastic film, take it to where it is warm and light.
We carefully monitor the level of soil moisture, water it if necessary, and remove condensate in a timely manner. The first sprouts should appear after about 2 weeks. At this stage, the film still does not need to be removed, you can only water it daily, ventilate the sprouts (not for long). It will be possible to remove the “greenhouse” when the seedlings become stronger.
When spring comes into its own, it will get warmer on the street, and your seedlings will have 5 or 6 leaves, it will be possible to transplant young lupins for permanent residence. When planting, observe the distance between the bushes - 30-40 cm. Do not miss the time, remember the sensitive roots of the plant, timely transplant them into the open ground.
Dark red variety, photo:
How to care for a lupine
In the first year of life, a standard set of "services" is enough for this plant - watering, cultivating, harvesting weeds. From the second year, supplement with phosphorus-potassium top dressing, which should be applied before the beginning of the flowering phase. If the flowers are long enough, install the pegs and tie them up. As mentioned above, dry inflorescences should be removed in a timely manner.
In autumn, all dried plant fragments are cut off, the area around the flower is mulched with suitable material that does not change the pH of the soil. For this, mulch of inorganic origin is often used. Those varieties that do not tolerate frosts (low frost resistance) should additionally be covered with protection (covering fabric). During the development and growth of the flower, the root neck can be exposed; if this happens, it should be spudded (cover with a layer of soil). After 4 or 5 years, the plant runs out of resources, grows old, then the time comes for its replacement by a young representative, and everything starts all over again.
Lupins - reviews, impressions, recommendations
I dug up all the lupins, beautiful of course, but too aggressive, the seeds shoot in all directions, the root grows underground so that neighboring plants have to be disturbed to remove it, or, more simply, to dig, otherwise the root cannot be extracted.
Brunette
https://www.forumhouse.ru/threads/86901/page-4
And in my last year, these flowers bloomed until November. Despite the fact that Siberia. I like them very much. This year I will sow at home white, still red and yellow - I really like them very much. And so as not to grow, where it is not necessary, I just cut off the faded flowers and that's it. But I have a small row highlighted under them, so they can’t walk around much.
Lanka2005
https://www.forumhouse.ru/threads/86901/page-4
in the 70s, some "clever man" from the Ministry of Agriculture ordered to sow lupins to enrich the soil with nitrogen, and everything would be fine, but ... .. his cattle do not eat, moreover, it is poisonous for cattle! It is almost impossible to withdraw it, because a lot of empty land, from there it goes on and on, as they told me in the village. So the blue flowering sea is a grief for the village.
Andrevna
http://dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=10155
In the 70s, those "Clever" did not understand the nature of the lupins. There are perennials, but there are annuals. If the annuals are mowed during the flowering period, then they will fulfill their SIDERATE task, and will not grow next year. And about their toxicity - so there are ordinary varieties, and there are - ALKALOID. Here their cattle do not eat, he feels bad from him. I myself saw how the cows at my grandmother in the village ate the usual - and nothing. Because he was NOT ALKALOID. But alkaloids are the best siderats, orderlies of soil from little things harmful (nematodes of every kind, phyto ..., and even from such a large tree as the larva of the May beetle, wireworm and others ... There is only one drawback - they grow quite a long time until technical maturity. About two months or more .
Faddeich
http://dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=10155
Lupins are wonderful. Many consider them a weed, clogging the garden with self-seeding, and therefore not worthy of attention. I persuaded my girlfriend for several years to plant them. After the first flowering, she said that she had changed her mind about them. In the suburbs, for example, they bloom precisely when there are few flowering plants at all - spring has already bloomed, and summer has not yet. The garden is very decorated. Moreover, there are many very beautiful varieties.
Lena And
http://forum.bestflowers.ru/t/ljupin.146004/
In childhood, they loved to sprinkle each other with lupine flowers. To do this, they specially went to the fields to collect flowers. Then there was no such riot of colors, all of them were blue, blue was rarely found, and white was generally considered a "deficit". It was interesting. You run home with a full bucket of flowers, and you drag an armful of branches for a bouquet.
Lika Mozyrko
http: //xn--80avnr.xn--p1ai/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8_ % D1% 80% D0% B0% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B5% D0% BD% D0% B8% D1% 8F /% D0% 9B% D1% 8E% D0% BF% D0% B8% D0% BD
It grows in my place in several places on a summer cottage, because it is a bean plant that provides the earth with nitrogen, and it also has different colors; it is yellow, and red, and purple, and white. Great siderat. I like that this is a long-term culture, unpretentious - it does not require special care, it is resistant to drought. Amazing are its complex-palmate leaves on long petioles. After rain, droplets roll beautifully on them. Flowering is charming and long. It is growing rapidly.
Anna Zakharchuk
http: //xn--80avnr.xn--p1ai/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8_ % D1% 80% D0% B0% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B5% D0% BD% D0% B8% D1% 8F /% D0% 9B% D1% 8E% D0% BF% D0% B8% D0% BD
I love these flowers at the genetic level. Both flowers and openwork foliage are beautiful. There are no problems with it at all, and if you cut off faded flowers in time. then the flowering is repeated again. For the winter, I always cut and spud slightly. Transplant and share in the spring. It can also be propagated by seeds, in which case it will bloom next year.
Pebble
http://forum-flower.ru/showthread.php?t=937
I have long been growing red lupine. A neighbor asked for seeds. When they matured, I gave everything to her! She sowed everything. But then there was not a single red among the seedlings!
amplex
http://forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=36&t=1986&sid=1a96254db046a888b6843246a3a5a3ed&start=165
You need to follow and follow him, you will miss a little and everything will be “blurred” around, and it will be difficult to bring him out. At the ripened flower, the pods open, coiling up and scattering seeds with a radius of up to 25 meters. So consider this feature.
Petrovich2
http://dv0r.ru/forum/index.php?prev_next=next&topic=11074.0
Lupine disease
Lupine is an unpretentious plant, but there are three insidious diseases that lie in wait at all stages of growth.
- Fusarium manifested by the withering of the flower during the formation of buds and flowering. Drying of foliage, damage (decay) of the roots is also observed.
- Phomopsis communicates itself with brown spots on the shoots and petioles of leaves. Excessive moisture only contributes to the development of the disease, as a result of which the whole flower is affected. The result is a complete drying of the plant.
- Ceratophorosis it spreads brown spots throughout the terrestrial part, subsequently the flower dries up, loses its “fertility” (beans do not form).
However, there is good news. The drug “Fitosporin”, known to gardeners and gardeners, is quite successfully struggling with all these misfortunes. This product contains copper, is an environmentally friendly product, it is highly recommended for use.
This flower is planted as you like - individually or in a group. It would be better if you place these plants at the very end of the garden or flower bed. Their high growth can be used as a background, planting in front of them lower stunt brothers. It looks great in company with many garden representatives, and its rich palette will look appropriate next to flowers of any shades. Now you know how lupins enrich the soil, growing from seeds, when to plant them, how to care for and propagate them.