Zenzubel, tongue, falsgebel, moulder - the names of a manual planer. The article describes what this or that tool is intended for, how devices differ from each other.
Flat planing
Samples are included in this category, with the help of which primary and finishing processing of blanks is performed.
Single
Designed to level the wood surface, equipped with a straight blade with a slightly rounded edge. Tools do not leave any burrs or irregularities - they are used for fine planing of wood after rough processing.
Double
The miter type of planers, in addition to processing the ends, is used to finish the alignment of wooden material. The main blade is duplicated with a knife for breaking chips.
Sherhebeli
They feature a rounded blade mounted at an angle of 45 ° relative to the sole. Thanks to the oval edge, the wood material can be processed across the fibers. To remove thick chips, the hole for its exit exceeds the parameters of a standard tool by 3-5 mm. The device allows you to give the workpieces the desired configuration, but with it you can not get a smooth surface, the product must be modified with a jointer.
Sanding
This is a grinding planer with a double knife and a chipbreaker located at an angle of 50 ° to the working sole. The device is used for grinding, obtaining perfectly smooth surfaces.
Jointer
Used to align edges and planes. Finishing of large surfaces is ensured by a sharp knife with a chipbreaker and an extended pad.
Tsinubeli
Equipped with a single serrated knife. After passing through a tree or plywood, a corrugated surface is left. Furrows formed by the torch contribute to better adhesion of the parts on which the adhesive is applied.
Peeling
Designed to align the ends in gypsum boards. After their application, it is not necessary to sand sheet material. Feature of the design of the tool - the cutting blade has the form of a grater.
Figured planing
Planers assigned to this category are designed for processing grooves, protrusions, edges.
Zenzubels
With their help, quarters are selected and cleaned, rectangular sections, grooves, folds are formed, perpendicular elements of the workpieces are planed. The Zenzel cutter is made in the form of a blade with a straight or oblique cutting edge, it depends on how the knife is fixed relative to the sole. The oblique blade has two cutting edges, mutual sharpening is applied to them. Zenzbeli are used where it is necessary to form a dovetail groove. Even processing across the fibers gives a perfectly smooth surface.
It’s better to start picking a quarter with a falsgebel, and use the zenzubel for finishing work.
Kantenhobely
This is an edge selector used for chamfering, machining ends, edges, bringing to specified sizes.
The main difference between the cantenhobel and other planes is the trapezoidal shape of the blade.
Some models can be equipped with two cutting elements. Depending on the location of the knife, you can cut along the edge at an angle. In this case, a fold is formed for the future joining of two parts, gaps are eliminated.
Shpuntubeli
With their help, a longitudinal groove is selected. The groove consists of two blocks interconnected by screws. One of them serves as a guide, the second serves as a mount for the blade. Using the adjustable stop, the edge of the groove can be set to the desired distance from the edge. Thanks to the stubborn protrusion, deepening occurs to the required parameters, while the blade does not bend.
Federgubeli
The figured end plane is designed to form a longitudinal protrusion along the edge of the workpiece. This is ensured by a blade having an opening in the center. After passing along the edge, a ridge remains. He fits into the groove. As a result, two parts are connected.
Kalevki
Equipped with a removable blade having a curly cutting edge. They have a multi-stage sole. The tool is most often used for the manufacture of decorative parts: cornices, baguettes, and other wooden elements.
Falzgebeli
Required to select a groove along the edge of the workpiece without preliminary marking. Includes a multi-stage sole. The wide pad helps to form grooves of the same size. If it is necessary to process the vertical wall of the quarter, an additional side cutter is installed on the false seam.
Staples
Designed for rounding the edges of parts. These planers have a blade, the edge of which is equipped with a semicircular recess. There is a concave sole. When processing the edges of the rectangular ends of the parts, the knife removes the chips so that the edge takes on a rounded shape.
DIY planer making
The photo shows a drawing indicating the dimensions of each part.
It is better to get a blade and a chip breaker in a hardware store. The price is low. Case dimensions are usually determined by the dimensions of the blade.
The block is carved from hard wood. Its blank must exceed the finished product by 40-50 mm in size. Vertical and oblique lines are applied to the lateral faces with extension to the other sides. On a drilling machine, a hole with a diameter of 6 mm is formed in the center of the workpiece, then the same holes (4 pcs.) Are drilled on both sides in the corners. “Cheeks” are sawn off from the blank, then marking is applied to the place of the cut.
When cutting the “heel” and “toe”, the saw should pass close to the lines.
Going block. To do this, “cheeks”, “heel” and “toe” are glued together. After the glue dries, the lower part of the block is sanded. The thickness of the sole is marked with a pencil, excess material is removed with a saw (a trim is used to make a wedge). Then protruding edges are sawn off. They should be equal to the "cheeks".
Oblique lines of marking from the “cheeks” are extended to the lower part of the sole, a hole is drilled (see photo).
Copies of the side pad template and its attachment to one of the “cheeks” are created. A hole is cut through which the blade of the planer will pass. A brass rod is glued into the hole of the “cheeks”, the shape of the block is adjusted to the specified parameters. Then the block is ground to smoothness. A wedge is cut out of a piece of wood, it must fit tightly between the blade and the brass rod.
The departure of the blade is adjusted using a wooden mallet. To do this, lightly hit the heel. The blade will need to be sharpened periodically. When sharpening a piece of iron at 45 °, the angle of sharpening of the planer cutter is usually 30 °. It is suitable for planing soft and hard wood.